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Among the Nuer pastoralists of southern Sudan, women's work in subsistence production has been substantial. The paper explores the ways in which women's work had changed by the 1970s in response to increased male labor migration and to local income-earning opportunities. Women's work is analyzed in relation to the role of rural production in the social reproduction of the national labor force. Special attention is given to the impact of health conditions and the consequent effects on reproduction, including the reproductive histories of 89 women in the central Nuer area. (DÜI-Hff)

This paper focuses on the entrepreneurial characteristics of market women in Techiman, Ghana. It deals with the organization, socio-cultural, and psychological variables that may influence the choices of many women. The paper suggests an important conceptual link between rural food production, marketing, and the growth of towns. It also argues for the contribution this kind of research can make to rural development. (DÜI-Hff)

Women play a prominent role as traders in the central market of the regional capital of Kaolack, a multi-ethnic, predominantly Wolof city in Senegal. This article examines gender and class in relation to the social uses of space that reproduce social hierarchy, while facilitating challenges to the dominant social order. Challenges take the form of activities such as smuggling, seen as an assertion of regional autonomy. (DÜI-Hff)

During the last few centuries, Islam has become firmly implanted in the culture of many West African societies, and with it, Islamic ideology has been variably interpreted to circumscribe the roles women may play. In some of these societies, pre-Islamic (African) women's roles, including those pertaining to trade, have been maintained, though now operating within the confines of the ideology of "purdah" (seclusion). However, this kind of transformation has not been the case among settled Muslim Fulbe in northeastern Nigeria, in which both pre-Islamic and Islamic cultural elements have been blended in a way that precludes many women's activities beyond reproduction and the performance of domestic chores. The paper identifies the cultural and historical elements that have shaped Fulbe women's roles into their modern day form, the place that Islam has assumed in ramifying these tendencies, and its repercussions for the fuller participation of Fulbe women in public affairs and development. (DÜI-Hff)

"January 1988"--Cover. ; Cover title: The impact of the farm financial crisis and the 1986 flooding on Michigan agriculture and rural communities. ; Bibliography: p. 44. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction -- 1. Corporate accountability and collective guilt -- 2. Transnational Holocaust litigation : between international criminal law and structural reform -- 3. Rethinking settlement -- 4. Transnational litigation and the legitimacy of domestic courts -- 5. A process-oriented approach to corporate liability for human rights violations -- 6. Humanitarian payment and corporate responsibility -- 7. The judge and the historian -- 8. Commissioned corporate history -- Conclusion : transnational Holocaust litigation as a source of theorization and strategy